Table 1 Hierarchical regression models for learning outcomes (N = 412)

 Step 1

.001

.001

  Gender

1.19

2.45

.02

 Step 2

.001

.001

  Gender

1.12

2.45

.02

  Ethnicity

− 1.06

1.74

− .03

 Step 3

.224

.223

  Gender

.37

2.16

.01

  Ethnicity

.69

1.55

.02

  Classroom format

18.73

1.73

.48**

 Step 1

.005

.005

  Gender

3.19

2.33

.07

 Step 2

.005

.000

  Gender

3.20

2.34

.07

  Ethnicity

.14

1.66

.00

 Step 3

.153

.148

  Gender

2.62

2.16

.06

  Ethnicity

1.50

1.55

.04

  Classroom format

14.59

1.73

.39**

 Step 1

.000

.000

  Gender

− 1.12

2.78

− .02

 Step 2

.001

.000

  Gender

− 1.08

2.79

− .02

  Ethnicity

.50

1.99

.01

 Step 3

.001

.000

  Gender

− 1.07

2.80

− .02

  Ethnicity

.47

2.00

.01

  Classroom format

− .36

2.24

− .01

 Step 1

.001

.001

  Gender

.12

.15

.04

 Step 2

.002

.001

  Gender

.12

.15

.04

  Ethnicity

.06

.11

.03

 Step 3

.007

.005

  Gender

.12

.15

.04

  Ethnicity

.08

.11

.03

  Classroom format

.17

.12

.07