Table 3 The moderator variables of the included studies
From: The effects of educational robotics in STEM education: a multilevel meta-analysis
Study | Moderator variables | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Discipline | Educational level | Instructor support | Instructional strategy | Interactive type | Intervention duration | Robotic type | CG condition | |
Berland and Wilensky (2015) [1] | S | MS | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | OT |
Berland and Wilensky (2015) [2] | S | MS | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | OT |
Brown and Howard, (2014) [1] | M | HE | NS | L | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | SR | TI |
Brown and Howard (2014) [2] | M | HS | NS | L | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | SR | TI |
Brown and Howard (2014) [3] | M | HE | NS | L | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | SR | TI |
Brown and Howard (2014) [4] | M | HS | NS | L | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | SR | TI |
Constantinou and Ioannou (2018) | T | MS | S | PbBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Ferrarelli and Iocchi (2021) | S | HS | S | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Ioannou and Angeli (2016) | T | MS | S | PbBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | OT |
Julià and Antolà (2016) | M | PS | S | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Kim and Lee (2016) | T | HE | S | PbBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Kurniawan et al., (2018) [1] | T | HE | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | OT |
Kurniawan et al., (2018) [2] | T | HE | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | OT |
La Paglia et al., (2017) | M | PS | NS | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Leonard et al., (2016) | DC | MS | S | GBL | One-to-one | > 1 month | PR | OT |
Merino-Armero et al., (2018) | DC | PS | S | PbBL | In groups | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | TI |
Mohamed et al., (2021) [1] | T | PS | NS | GBL | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | PR | TI |
Mohamed et al., (2021) [2] | T | PS | NS | GBL | One-to-one | ≤ 1 day | PR | TI |
Nugent et al., (2014) [1] | DC | MS | NS | PjBL | In groups | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | TI |
Nugent et al., (2014) [2] | DC | MS | NS | PjBL | In groups | > 1 day and ≤ 1 month | PR | TI |
Ortiz et al., (2017) | E | HE | S | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Ponce et al., (2022) | CD | PS | S | L | In groups | NA | SR | TI |
RodrĂguez Corral et al., (2016) [1] | T | HE | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 month | PR | TI |
RodrĂguez Corral et al., (2016) [2] | T | HE | S | PbBL | One-to-one | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Sáez-López et al., (2019) [1] | CD | PS | S | PbBL | NA | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Sáez-López et al., (2019) [2] | CD | PS | S | PbBL | NA | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Shih et al., (2013) | CD | PS | S | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Verner et al., (2016) | S | MS | NS | L | In groups | ≤ 1 day | SR | TI |
Welch and Huffman (2011) | S | HS | NS | PjBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | TI |
Yang et al., (2022) | T | K | S | PbBL | In groups | > 1 month | PR | OT |