Table 2 Outcome construct measures

Macro-level Domain 1: Engineering Attitudes

0.71–0.78

General engineering self-efficacy

Mamaril et al. (2016)

6 items; 7-point scale where 7 = high self-efficacy (6)

I can master the content in the engineering-related courses I am taking this semester

0.90–0.95

Tinkering self-efficacy

Mamaril et al. (2016)

10 items; 7-point scale where 7 = high self-efficacy

I am comfortable learning new tools

0.93–0.95

Engineering design self-efficacy

Carberry et al. (2010)

7 items; 7-point scale where 7 = high self-efficacy

Generating diverse ideas to solve a design problem

0.87–0.93

Engineering academic engagement

n/a, original instrument

4 items; 7-point scale where 7 = high academic engagement

I am extremely interested in engineering

0.88–0.93

Macro-level Domain 2: Professional Skills

0.81–0.87

Teamwork skills

Carter et al. (2016)

4 items; 6-point scale where 6 = expert skill level

Working with others to accomplish group goals

0.77–0.90

Communication skills

Carter et al. (2016)

6 items; 6-point scale where 6 = expert skill level

Communicating effectively with nontechnical audiences

0.80–0.89

Leadership skills

Carter et al. (2016)

4 items; 6-point scale where 6 = expert skill level

Motivating people to do the work that needs to be done

0.84–0.90