STEM learning opportunities and career aspirations: the interactive effect of students’ self-concept and perceptions of STEM professionals

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 4 Differences in these variables by school level

Variables	School level			F value	Multiple comparisons	Effect size
Variables	1. SP (n = 344)	2. JS (n = 194)	3. SS (n = 70)	F value	Multiple comparisons	Effect size
Career aspirations	2.32 (0.85)	2.36 (0.69)	2.23 (0.49)	0.77
Self-concept	3.08 (0.53)	2.64 (0.54)	2.38 (0.54)	71.803***	1 > 2 > 3	0.193
Positive perceptions of STEM professionals	3.07 (0.59)	2.95 (0.58)	3.02 (0.47)	2.774
Media consumption	2.66 (1.11)	2.19 (1.14)	1.83 (1.15)	21.285***	1 > 2,3	0.066
School opportunities	3.18 (0.64)	2.97 (0.40)	3.09 (0.63)	8.984***	1 > 2,3	0.030

SP refers to senior primary level; JS refers to junior secondary level, and SS refers to senior secondary level
***p < 0.001