International Journal of STEM Education

Table 3 Results of paired samples t tests

From: Pre-service elementary teachers’ science and engineering teaching self-efficacy and outcome expectancy: exploring the impacts of efficacy source experiences through varying course modalities

Variable	t value	df	p	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	Mean difference
STEB	− 22.718	166	0.00***	− 1.0029	− 0.8425	− 0.9227
ETEB	− 22.781	166	0.00***	− 1.4102	− 1.1853	− 1.2978
STOE	− 8.5803	166	0.00***	− 0.3838	− 0.2402	− 0.3120
ETOE	− 8.7912	166	0.00***	− 0.4954	− 0.3137	− 0.4045

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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