Motivational climate predicts effort and achievement in a large computer science course: examining differences across sexes, races/ethnicities, and academic majors

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 5 Summary of findings for differences in the variable means by sex, race/ethnicity, and major

Variable	Sex	Race/ethnicity	Major
Empowerment	Males higher	Hispanic higher than White and Black	CS majors higher than CS minors and CMDA majors
Usefulness	ND	ND	CS majors higher than all groups; CS minors higher than CMDA major and “Other group”
Success	Males higher	White higher than Asian	CS major and CS minor higher than CMDA major; CS major higher than “Other group”
Interest	ND	Asian and Hispanic higher than White and Black	CS major and CS minor higher than CMDA major; CS major higher than “Other group”
Caring	ND	ND	CS major higher than CMDA major and “Other group”
Cost	Females higher	Asian higher than White	All groups higher than CS major
Ease	Males higher	White higher than Asian	CS major higher than CMDA major
Effort	Females higher	ND	ND
Grade	ND	White and Asian higher than Black	All groups higher than CMDA major