Skip to main content
International Journal of STEM Education

Table 4 Means, standard deviations, and one-way ANOVAs for the study variables by major

From: Motivational climate predicts effort and achievement in a large computer science course: examining differences across sexes, races/ethnicities, and academic majors

Variable

CS students

Non-CS students

 

CS major

CS minor

CMDA major

Other group

One-way ANOVA

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

F(3, 916)

η2

Empowerment

4.4a

1.0

4.1b

1.0

4.0b

1.0

4.2a,b

1.1

7.55***

0.024

Usefulness

5.3

0.6

5.1

0.8

4.8a

0.8

4.7a

0.9

27.98***

0.084

Success

5.0a

0.7

4.8a,b

0.8

4.4c

0.8

4.5b,c

1.0

23.53***

0.072

Interest

4.6a

0.8

4.4a,b

1.0

4.0c

0.9

4.1b,c

1.0

17.66***

0.055

Caring

4.9a

0.8

4.7a,b

0.8

4.6b

0.9

4.5b

1.0

8.11***

0.026

Cost

3.2

1.0

3.7a

1.1

3.8a

0.9

3.7a

1.2

17.75***

0.055

Ease

2.9a

1.2

2.7a,b

1.2

2.4b

1.1

2.8a,b

1.1

6.34***

0.020

Effort

4.8a

0.9

4.8a

1.0

4.7a

0.9

4.6a

0.9

2.18

0.007

Grade

88.7a

6.1

88.6a

6.8

83.9

7.2

87.9a

8.1

21.56***

0.066

  1. n = 559 for CS major, n = 153 for CS minor, n = 148 for CMDA major, n = 60 for Other group. CS = computer science, CMDA = computational modeling and data analytics major, ANOVA = analysis of variance. CS major includes current CS majors and those that intend to become CS majors
  2. a,b,cValues in the same row with the same superscript are not statistically significantly different
  3. * < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001
Back to article page