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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 2 Means, standard deviations, and one-way ANOVAs for the study variables by sex

From: Motivational climate predicts effort and achievement in a large computer science course: examining differences across sexes, races/ethnicities, and academic majors

Variable

Females

Males

One-way ANOVA

M

SD

M

SD

F(1, 918)

η2

Empowerment

4.1

1.0

4.3

1.0

6.05*

0.007

Usefulness

5.1

0.7

5.2

0.8

0.38

 < 0.001

Success

4.5

0.8

4.9

0.8

41.85***

0.044

Interest

4.4

0.8

4.4

0.9

0.45

 < 0.001

Caring

4.8

0.8

4.8

0.8

0.01

 < 0.001

Cost

3.7

1.1

3.3

1.0

19.65***

0.021

Ease

2.3

1.0

2.9

1.2

41.99***

0.044

Effort

5.0

0.7

4.7

0.9

18.82***

0.020

Grade

87.2

6.5

88.1

6.8

2.76

0.003

  1. n = 213 for females, n = 707 for males. ANOVA = analysis of variance
  2. * < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001
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