Table 4 Hypothesis tests for RQ #1 (differences in engagement by the source of variation)
Outcome | Hypothesis about level of engagement | M difference in variance (SE) |
|---|---|---|
Affective | Individual–situation | 0.257 (0.017), p < 0.001 |
Affective | Individual–classroom | 0.348 (0.034), p < 0.001 |
Affective | Situation–classroom | 0.091 (0.032), p = 0.004 |
Behavioral | Individual–situation | 0.31 (0.016), p < 0.001 |
Behavioral | Individual–classroom | 0.397 (0.029), p < 0.001 |
Behavioral | Situation–classroom | 0.088 (0.028), p = 0.001 |
Cognitive | Individual–situation | 0.494 (0.018), p < 0.001 |
Cognitive | Individual–classroom | 0.451 (0.037), p < 0.001 |
Cognitive | Situation–classroom | 0.043 (0.033), p = 0.089 |