Table 5 Research evidence on validity of language assessments
Valid for the following dimensions of study success (References) | Exceptions or additional findings | Mixed /not sufficient evidence for the following dimensions of study success (References) | Not valid for the following dimensions of study success (References) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) | |||||
Graduate GPA Small positive relationship | First-year GPA Positive relationship (Burmeister et al. 2014). Some studies find the incremental value of TOEFL (Cho & Bridgeman, 2012; Zimmermann et al., 2017a, 2017b) | ||||
Course average; Faculty ratings Positive relationship (Burmeister et al., 2014) | |||||
The Computerized Enhanced ESL Placement Test (CEEPT) | |||||
First semester academic performance Mixed findings (Lee & Greene, 2007) | |||||
A scale that considers the nature of the previous language use | |||||
Completing a PhD degree in a foreign HEI Positive relationship (Mathews, 2007) | |||||