Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature review
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
1. Empirical study | 1. Non-empirical and theoretical studies |
2. Focused on K–12 education | 2. Others such as college education, adult education |
3. Written in English | 3. Written in other languages |
4. Studies used unplugged tools or methods | 4. Studies used programming elements (i.e., visual programming, computer, and other plugged-in tools) |
5. Peer-reviewed journals articles or conference papers, or book chapters | 5. Other publication forms (e.g., reports, dissertations, narrative papers, etc.) |
6. Available in full-text | 6. Not available in full-text |
7. Published between 2006 and 2022 | 7. Published before 2006 or after May 2022 |