Table 1 Survey of undergraduate physics social learning perceptions and physics laboratory self-efficacy
Survey questions factor loading | |
|---|---|
Factor 1: social learning perceptions (α = 0.91) | |
 1. I am able to depend on other students for help with my physics lab (Fraser et al., 1995) | 0.74 |
 2. When I have difficulty solving a physics laboratory problem, I like to discuss the problem with a peer (Mason & Singh, 2010) | 0.56 |
 3. Working with other students encourages and motivates me in this class (Fencl & Scheel, 2004) | 0.43 |
 4. I have little chance to get to know other students in my laboratory class (Fraser et al., 1995) | 0.56 |
 5. I feel that students in this course care about each other (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.69 |
 6. I feel connected to others in this course (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.81 |
 7. I feel that I can rely on others in this course (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.88 |
 8. I feel that members of this course depend on me (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.54 |
 9. I feel isolated in this course (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.59 |
 10. Members of my laboratory class help me (Fraser et al., 1995) | 0.82 |
 11. I find it easy to communicate with other students in my laboratory class (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.73 |
 12. I feel confident that others will support me (Rovai, 2002b) | 0.70 |
Factor 2: physics laboratory self-efficacy (α = 0.90) | |
 13. I feel I could critique a laboratory report written by another student (Baldwin et al., 1999) | 0.61 |
 14. I am confident that I could read the procedures for an experiment and conduct the experiment on my own (Baldwin et al., 1999) | 0.65 |
 15. I am confident that I could use a scientific approach to solve an everyday problem outside of a classroom setting (Baldwin et al., 1999) | 0.69 |
 16. I am confident that I could analyze a set of data to answer a scientific question (i.e., look at the relationships between variables) (Barnett, 2011) | 0.69 |
 17. I am confident that I could tutor another student on how to write a lab report (Baldwin et al., 1999) | 0.69 |
 18. I feel comfortable expressing my opinions when others in my laboratory class disagree with me (Kost-Smith, 2011) | 0.59 |
 19. I feel I am capable of defending my physics ideas to my peers in my laboratory class (Kost-Smith, 2011) | 0.74 |
 20. Doing laboratory experiments and write-ups comes easy to me (Miller et al., 2015) | 0.65 |
 21. I feel I am capable of helping my classmates with physics in the laboratory (Miller et al., 2015) | 0.76 |
 22. I know how to explain what I do in the laboratory effectively (Miller et al., 2015) | 0.74 |
 23. I feel I can overcome any problems I encounter in an experiment (Kalender et al., 2020) | 0.64 |
 24. Before doing an experiment, I clearly understand the theory behind it (Dalgety et al., 2003) | 0.53 |