Table 3 Means and standard deviations of the CPAM scores for the two student groups
Dimension/variable | High school students (n = 11) | College first-year students (n = 11) | Mann–Whitney U |
|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | M (SD) | Â | |
Novelty | 3.00 (0.73) | 4.45 (0.69) | 7.50*** |
Originality | 3.05 (0.49) | 4.59 (0.49) | 6.00*** |
Surprise | 2.96 (0.79) | 4.32 (0.64) | 12.00** |
Resolution | 3.40 (0.95) | 4.43 (0.38) | 15.00** |
Logic | 3.50 (0.86) | 4.41 (0.30) | 28.00* |
Value | 2.77 (0.85) | 3.91 (0.74) | 18.50** |
Usefulness | 3.55 (1.39) | 4.64 (0.67) | 27.00* |
Understandability | 3.77 (0.98) | 4.77 (0.41) | 15.50** |
Elaboration/synthesis | 2.86 (0.55) | 4.50 (0.34) | 0.00*** |
Organic qualities | 3.18 (0.84) | 4.77 (0.41) | 5.00*** |
Elegance | 2.82 (0.56) | 4.36 (0.50) | 0.00*** |
Craftsmanship | 2.59 (0.44) | 4.36 (0.50) | 0.00*** |
Total | 3.13 (0.69) | 4.46 (0.30) | 0.00*** |
Design sample |
|
| Â |
