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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 2 Related to RQ3a, comparing cycle-on-cycle changes for the data domain of Singaporean students

From: Learning data science in elementary school mathematics: a comparative curriculum analysis

 

Data

p-value

Cohen’s d

50th percentile

  

2003–2007

 < 0.001

− 0.38

2007–2011

 < 0.001

0.18

2011–2015

 < 0.001

− 0.20

2015–2019

 < 0.001

− 0.17

10th percentile

  

2003–2007

 < 0.001

0.10

2007–2011

 < 0.001

− 0.23

2011–2015

 < 0.001

− 0.11

2015–2019

 < 0.001

− 0.08

  1. The 2nd year is the reference cycle, e.g., 2003–2007 compares 2003 to 2007 with 2007 as a reference. Negative d represents an improvement in performance from the 1st year to the 2nd year
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