Table 4 Facilitator focused vs. participant focused coding scheme

Facilitator Focused

Responses focused on sharing the expertise of the facilitator

 Experience

Facilitator shares personal experience, describes classroom situations. E.g., describing how students responded to a particular activity

 Solutions

Facilitator offers a solution or multiple solutions for a problem of practice. E.g., suggesting a method for forming groups

 Information

Facilitator provides information, resources, or a status update. E.g., giving details about where to find videos, information about syllabi, etc.

 Pedagogical statement

Facilitator makes a pedagogical observation or describes a formal concept. E.g., “Students struggle with wanting to know the right answer, so you should set expectations at the beginning of the course”

Participant Focused

Responses focused on building upon or drawing out others’ ideas

 Logistics, status update, or clarification question

Facilitator asks a question related to logistics, asks a member to report about the status of their class, or asks a clarifying question following up on a member’s comment. E.g., “How many units do you teach per semester?”

 Redirecting question

Facilitator asks others to respond to a question or issue raised by others. E.g., “Tom uses that activity. Tom, can you tell us how you use it in class?”

 Revoicing

Facilitator revoices comments or ideas shared by group members. E.g., “So, I hear you say that xxx.”

 Summarizing

Facilitator summarizes ideas or comments shared by group members with pedagogical intent. E.g., “So, we have two suggestions to consider, one is xxx and the other yyy.”

 Pedagogical question

Facilitator asks a pedagogical question to the group. E.g., “How do you promote critical dialogue in classes with low attendance?”

Other

Any response that doesn’t fit into the previous categories. E.g., compliments, making a meta-comment about the FOLC, making a general comment, summarizing for late joiners (not for a pedagogical reason)