Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants
Variable | Value | Step 2: EFA sample (Fall 2018; n = 1250) | Step 3: CFA sample | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-PEERs (Fall 2019; n = 363) | PEERs (Spring 2019, Fall 2019; n = 280) | |||
Frequency (%)1 | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
Gender2 | Female | 494 (68.1) | 272 (62.8) | 195 (69.6) |
Male | 224 (30.9) | 150 (34.6) | 81 (28.9) | |
Non-binary | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.1) | |
Prefer not to answer | 2 (0.3) | 6 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) | |
Major3 | Biology | 456 (36.05) | – | 40 (22.1) |
Chemistry | 100 (7.91) | – | 15 (22.1) | |
Engineering | 8 (0.63) | – | 2 (1.1) | |
Environmental Science | 4 (0.32) | – | 2 (1.1) | |
Health sciences/pre-health | 101 (7.98) | – | 40 (22.1) | |
Kinesiology | 20 (1.58) | – | – | |
Mathematics | 54 (4.27) | – | 1 (0.05) | |
Neuroscience | 89 (7.04) | – | 20 (11.05) | |
Physics | 135 (10.67) | – | 2 (1.1) | |
Psychology | 26 (2.06) | – | 10 (5.52) | |
Other | 64 (5.06) | – | 25 (13.81) | |
Undeclared | 208 (16.4) | – | 24 (13.26) | |
Age | 18–20 | 650 (89.7) | 320 (73.9) | 227 (81.1) |
21–23 | 51 (7.0) | 58 (13.4) | 26 (9.3) | |
24 and older | 24 (3.3) | 55 (12.7) | 24 (8.6) | |
Class standing | First-year | 311 (43.0) | 184 (42.5) | 112 (40.0) |
Second-year | 308 (42.6) | 135 (31.2) | 112 (40.0) | |
Third-year | 61 (8.4) | 50 (11.5) | 31 (11.1) | |
Fourth-year | 37 (5.1) | 31 (7.2) | 15 (5.4) | |
Other | 6 (0.8) | 32 (7.4) | 10 (3.6) | |
Race4 | American Indian | 6 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 62 (34.44) |
Asian | 222 (29.6) | 115 (26.6) | – | |
African American | 68 (9.1) | 40 (9.2) | 78 (43.33) | |
Pacific Islander | 3 (0.4) | 4 (0.9) | 7 (3.89) | |
White | 426 (56.7) | 243 (56.1) | – | |
Other | 29 (3.9) | 32 (7.4) | 33 (18.33) | |
Latino/a/x? | No | 644 (88.8) | 350 (80.8) | 83 (53.2) |
Yes | 72 (9.9) | 71 (16.4) | 72 (46.2) | |
Prefer not to answer | 9 (1.2) | 12 (2.8) | 1 (0.6) | |