A model for examining middle school students’ STEM integration behavior in a national technology competition

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 5 Statistics for the paths in the proposed model

Hypothesis	Pathway	β	t value	f²	Outcome
H1	Attitude → BI	0.51	4.98***	0.317	Supported
H2	Subjective Norm → BI	− 0.04	0.33	0.001	Rejected
H3	PBC → BI	0.36	2.97**	0.174	Supported
H4	PBC → STEM-IB	0.39	4.24***	0.237	Supported
H5	BI → STEM-IB	0.45	4.01***	0.316	Supported

PBC perceived behavioral control, BI behavioral intention, STEM-IB STEM integration behavior
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001