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Attitude
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Students’ positive or negative appraisal of integrating STEM knowledge and skills for problem-solving
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Ajzen and Fishbein (1980)
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Subjective norm
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The pressure exerted by important groups, such as society, parents, classmates, and the committee of the competition
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Ajzen (1991)
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Perceived behavioral control
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Students’ perceptions of the ease or difficulty of integrating STEM knowledge and skills to solve complex problems with limited resources
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Ajzen and Fishbein (2000)
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Behavioral intention
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The intention of students to integrate STEM knowledge and skills to solve complex problems in their daily lives
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Ajzen and Fishbein (1980)
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STEM integration behavior
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Students’ self-evaluations of their integration of STEM knowledge and skills during the competition
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Ajzen and Fishbein (1980)
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