Table 7 Logistic regression of communication skills

Gender (ref. = man)

Woman

0.73

(0.12)

0.78

(0.13)

0.75

(0.13)

Race (ref. = White)

Asian

2.13***

(0.47)

2.16***

(0.48)

2.12***

(0.50)

Black

0.31*

(0.18)

0.35

(0.21)

0.33

(0.20)

Hispanic

0.80

(0.23)

0.88

(0.25)

0.76

(0.23)

Citizenship (ref. = U.S. citizen)

Non-U.S. citizen

0.97

(0.21)

0.80

(0.18)

0.88

(0.21)

Ph.D. field (ref. = engineering)

Biological sciences

0.62

(0.17)

0.60

(0.17)

0.58

(0.18)

Math

0.41*

(0.15)

0.38**

(0.14)

0.36**

(0.14)

Physical science

0.71

(0.15)

0.62*

(0.14)

0.70

(0.16)

Institution (ref. = public)

Private

0.69

(0.17)

0.81

(0.21)

0.88

(0.24)

Year in doctoral program (ref. = year 1)

Year 2

1.39

(0.34)

1.39

(0.35)

1.12

(0.30)

Year 3

1.46

(0.35)

1.56

(0.38)

1.45

(0.37)

Year 4

1.82*

(0.47)

1.89*

(0.49)

1.78*

(0.49)

Year 5

1.89*

(0.55)

1.81*

(0.53)

2.11*

(0.66)

Year 6

1.62

(0.86)

1.62

(0.86)

2.03

(1.10)

Year 7 or more

1.63

(0.97)

1.51

(0.91)

1.27

(0.81)

Research group (ref. = yes)

No

0.77

(0.26)

0.73

(0.25)

0.63

(0.23)

Unsure

0.90

(0.49)

0.90

(0.50)

0.90

(0.52)

Two or more funding sources

1.28

(0.29)

1.24

(0.28)

1.39

(0.33)

Primary funding (ref. = research assistantship)

External fellowship

0.42***

(0.11)

0.33***

(0.09)

Internal fellowship

0.68

(0.16)

0.69

(0.17)

Teaching assistantship

0.95

(0.21)

1.28

(0.30)

Career alignment

4.32***

(0.78)

Constant (intercept)

0.70

(0.16)

0.90

(0.22)

0.42***

(0.12)

Pseudo-R²

6.3%

7.6%

14.8%