Fig. 2

Students’ self-perception of learning. Distributions of self-reported levels of interest in ecology, ability to formulate testable hypotheses, understanding how ecologists conduct research, and ability to evaluate quality of scientific report, before (pre-IP) and after (post-IP) the inquiry project (n = 2714). The W statistic and p value for Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the effect size (Cliff’s delta, δ) are shown above each category