Table 5 HLMs examining whether spatial skills and motivation predict M-STEP mathematics subtest performance (N = 1048 students, N = 26 teachers)
| Â | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | β | df | β | df |
Intercept, γ00 | 1531.43*** (3.32) | 448.80 | 1531.00*** (3.32) | 446.90 |
Science GPA, γ10 | 9.55***(0.52) | 1042.26 | 9.54*** (0.52) | 1041.23 |
Gender, γ20 | − 1.19 (0.92) | 1024.61 | − 1.20 (0.92) | 1024.00 |
Spatial skills, γ30 | 1.96*** (0.14) | 1038.21 | 1.91*** (0.92) | 1037.00 |
MMQ, γ40 | 0.15*** (0.03) | 1030.77 | 0.15*** (0.03) | 1030.00 |
Spatial skills * MMQ, γ50 |  |  | 0.02* (0.01) | 1027.00 |