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Table 7 Correlations between learner characteristics and performance for all students and measures of central tendency for each group to demonstrate equivalency

From: Reducing withdrawal and failure rates in introductory programming with subgoal labeled worked examples

Characteristic

Data type

Subgoal group

Control group

r/ρ with performance

p

Interest in topic

Binomial

63%

58%

.24

< .001

Relevant to career

Binomial

61%

59%

.27

< .001

Expected grade

Continuous

62% A, 32% B, 6% C

65% A, 26% B, 8% C

.36

< .001

Expected difficulty

Continuous

M = 3.52

M = 3.65

.30

< .001

High school GPA

Continuous

M = 3.59/4

M = 3.55/4

.26

.001

College GPA

Continuous

M = 3.39/4

M = 3.44/4

.35

< .001