Increasing high school teachers self-efficacy for integrated STEM instruction through a collaborative community of practice

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 3 T-STEM Survey Subscale Summary (T-STEM Science & T-STEM Technology)

Subscale	Measurement application
Science (T-STEM Science) or technology (T-STEM Technology) teaching efficacy and beliefs*	Belief in science or technology teaching ability (teacher self-efficacy)*
Science or technology teaching outcome expectancy	Belief in the extent to which effective teaching affects student learning in science or technology (teaching outcome expectancy)
Student technology use	Frequency of student technology use during instruction
STEM instruction	How often the respondent uses certain STEM instructional practices
21st century learning attitudes	Attitudes toward 21st century learning skills
Teacher leadership attitudes	Attitudes toward teacher leadership activities
STEM career awareness	Awareness of STEM careers and where to find resources for further information

*Denotes construct used in this paper as part of the data collection for the TRAILS project from Teacher Efficacy and Attitudes toward STEM (T-STEM) Survey: Development and Psychometric Properties (Caliendo, 2015; Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, 2012b)