Table 1 Universal Design models and their principles
Model | Universal Design (architecture) | Universal Design for Learning | Universal Design for Instruction |
|---|---|---|---|
Principles | 1. Equitable use 2. Flexibility in use 3. Simple and intuitive 4. Perceptible information 5. Tolerance for error 6. Low physical effort 7. Size and space for approach and use (Burgstahler, 2009) | 1. Provide multiple means of representation 2. Provide multiple means of action and expression 3. Provide multiple means of engagement (Meyer et al., 2014) | 1. Equitable use 2. Flexibility in use 3. Simple and intuitive 4. Perceptible information 5. Tolerance for error 6. Low physical effort 7. Size and space for approach and use 8. A community of learners 9. Instructional climate (Burgstahler, 2009) |