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Table 4 Piecewise growth model of makerspace self-efficacy

From: Motivational factors in makerspaces: a mixed methods study of elementary school students’ situational interest, self-efficacy, and achievement emotions

 

Unconditional model

Controls-only model

Full model

Interaction model

Time0–1

− 0.27* (0.11)

− 0.27* (0.10)

− 0.27* (0.11)

− 0.27* (0.10)

Time1–2

− 0.12 (0.11)

− 0.12 (0.11)

− 0.11 (0.11)

− 0.10 (0.11)

Excited

0.38*** (0.07)

0.25** (0.09)

Curious

0.09 (0.07)

0.09 (0.07)

Frustrated

− 0.01 (0.07)

0.01 (0.07)

Confused

− 0.23*** (0.07)

− 0.23** (0.07)

Excited * time0–1

0.20* (0.09)

Class level(Lower-level class = 0)

− 0.43** (0.15)

− 0.03 (0.05)

− 0.03 (0.14)

Gender (male = 0)

− 0.10 (0.16)

− 0.20 (0.13)

− 0.20 (0.16)

Intercept

0.48** (0.18)

0.83** (0.29)

0.77** (0.25)

0.56** (0.20)

  1. Unstandardized regression coefficient (standard error)
  2. Notes: subscripts refers to data collection rounds; 0 = beginning of semester, 1 = mid-semester, 2 = end of semester. Standardized scores were used for self-efficacy scores and achievement emotion scores
  3. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001