Table 3 The four-step study process of the primetime learning model. The process represents a practical realization of the sketch in Table 2

Principles (factual knowledge)

Study the topic alone.

Watch videos and read a book. Can be done anytime, but preferably well before the next step.

Test in TEL environment. Immediate feedback (correct answers and points).

Practice (conceptual knowledge)

Group meets to practice using the principles and concepts.

Assignments in TEL environment: conceptual questions, simulations, numerical exercises, short problems, and reflective assignments that support collaborative inquiry-based learning. Group can meet anytime and anywhere. The teacher is not present.

TEL environment offers immediate feedback (correct answers and points; group members present in the meeting share the same points).

Problems (procedural knowledge)

Apply the concepts in full-scale problem-solving.

Solve physics problems alone or collaboratively. Reinforce explicit problem-solving skills. Teacher support available when needed. Solutions (e.g., scanned papers) are submitted to TEL environment by a deadline.

After deadline, TEL environment reveals correct solutions. Students grade and correct their solutions based on given criteria. Teacher verifies corrections and gives feedback.

Primetime (metacognitive knowledge)

Students and the group receive personal support from the teacher.

Group meets teacher privately to discuss remaining problems and to reflect upon learning difficulties.

Teacher gives oral feedback for the group and each student personally.