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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 3 Overall motivational experiences in the garden as a predictor of concurrent and later science outcomes

From: Science in the Learning Gardens (SciLG): a study of students’ motivation, achievement, and science identity in low-income middle schools

Predictor (spring of 6th grade): overall motivational experiences in the garden

Pairwise n

β

SE

t

R 2

Outcome variables (spring of 6th grade)

 Engagement in science class

97

.65***

.06

10.05

.61

 Science learning

88

.70***

.06

10.98

.55

 Science grades

111

.29**

.10

2.75

.08

 Science identity

103

.59***

.08

7.76

.34

Outcome variables (fall of 7th grade)

 Engagement in science class

82

.57***

.10

5.60

.26

 Science learning

68

.56***

.11

5.01

.26

 Science grades

101

.23*

.11

2.12

.04

 Science identity

90

.52***

.10

5.21

.21

  1. Total n = 113. Overall motivational experiences in the garden is a combination of students’ appraisals of relatedness, competence, and autonomy in the garden; their self-reported engagement in the garden; and teacher-reports of students’ persistence and re-engagement in garden activities. Standardized regression coefficients are shown from regressions conducted in MPlus 6.0, using FIML to estimate missing data. All analyses controlled for spring science teacher
  2. *p < .05
  3. **p < .01
  4. ***p < .001
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