Table 1 The six repositories where organizational information can be stored and accessed

Individual memory

Information stored in an individual’s memory in the form of knowledge, beliefs, and other cognitive structures.

Cultural norms and practices

Ways of thinking and acting that are widely shared among group members.

Social networks

Skills and knowledge represented by individuals that can be accessed via social networks.

Curricular artifacts

Physical objects and organizational infrastructure that represent, symbolize, or contain information.

External archives

Storage of information existing outside of the confines of the organization.