From: Learning data science in elementary school mathematics: a comparative curriculum analysis
 | Numbers | Measurement and geometry | Data | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-value | Cohen’s d | p-value | Cohen’s d | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
50th percentile | ||||||
2003 |  < 0.001 | − 0.27 |  < 0.001 | − 0.55 |  < 0.001 | − 0.60 |
2007 |  < 0.001 | − 0.30 |  < 0.001 | − 0.37 |  < 0.001 | − 0.25 |
2011 |  < 0.001 | − 0.21 |  < 0.001 | − 0.32 |  < 0.001 | − 0.40 |
2015 |  < 0.001 | − 0.07 |  < 0.001 | − 0.18 |  < 0.001 | − 0.17 |
2019 | Reference | |||||
10th percentile | ||||||
2003 |  < 0.001 | − 0.13 |  < 0.001 | − 0.26 |  < 0.001 | − 0.05 |
2007 |  < 0.001 | − 0.10 |  < 0.001 | − 0.18 |  < 0.001 | − 0.11 |
2011 |  < 0.001 | − 0.04 |  < 0.001 | − 0.11 |  < 0.001 | − 0.08 |
2015 |  < 0.001 | − 0.05 |  < 0.001 | − 0.09 |  < 0.001 | − 0.08 |
2019 | Reference |