Table 1 The coding framework for analyzing collaborative group states
Code | Description |
|---|---|
Programming operation (PO) | The group member collaboratively programmed on the shared computer |
Asking assistance from the instructor (AA) | The group member asked assistance from the instructor either verbally or physically |
Group discussion (GD) | The group member had discussions with each other about collaborative tasks |
Group conflict (GC) | The group member had conflicts that were difficult to reconcile |