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Table 8 Test statistics for the RTOP-Sum and PND measures for pre/post comparison

From: Measures of success: characterizing teaching and teaching change with segmented and holistic observation data

Test

RTOP-Sum

(Scale 0–100)

PND

(Scale 0–1)

Paired t test

Mean difference = 17

SD = 14.5

Correlation pre/post = 0.63

Standard Error = 3.76

t = 4.56. df = 14, p < 0.001***

Mean difference = 0.22

SD = 0.27

Correlation pre/post = 0.58

Standard Error = 0.07

t = 3.1. df = 14, p  = 0.004**

Related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

Test statistic = 119

N = 15

Standard Error = 17.6

t-statistic = 3.35

Asymptotic Sig. < 0.001***

Test statistic = 82

N = 15

Standard Error = 14.3

t-statistic = 2.5

Asymptotic Sig. = 0.01*

Effect size

Cohen’s d = 1.17

Cohen’s d = 0.81

  1. p < 0.05*, p < 0.01 **, p < 0.001***. Both effect sizes are considered large