Table 5 Characterization of four latent profiles
Profile | Description | N |
|---|---|---|
Didactic Lecture | Classes have an average of 80% lecture accompanied by the teacher writing on the board. Some question and answer occurred, although most questioning by teacher asked students to provide specific information and not conceptual reasoning. | 354 (45%) |
Student Presentation | While the prevalence of student presentation is somewhat low (30%), this profile is the only one in which this activity occurs other than very minimally. This profile also has more review of work than others (53%), instructors moderating discussions (38%) and students writing on the board (16%). We considered this to be the most interactive profile. | 113 (14%) |
Interactive Lecture and Review | This profile is the most mixed in terms of activities. It has more review by the instructor, more lecture, and more group work integrated into classes, versus group work that takes up the entire class time. | 206 (26%) |
Group Work | Classes were generally devoted to students working in groups an average of 75% of class time. In most group sessions, the teacher interacts with students. We saw very little presence of other activities in this profile with some occurrence of teacher review (8%) and lecture (8%). | 117 (15%) |