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Table 6 Some representative sentences written by students at M2

From: Effect of a STEM approach on students’ cognitive structures about electrical circuits

Association

Control group

Experimental group

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Light/Lighting

The ELECTRIC CURRENT allows light in my house

I have light in my room because the ELECTRIC CURRENT circulates in the electrical circuit

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Electrical plugs

The ELECTRIC CURRENT that reaches the electrical plugs allows me to charge my phone

N.A

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Energy

Wind energy can generate ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRIC CURRENT can be produced from solar energy

VOLTAGE–Light/Lighting

The high VOLTAGE gives great illumination

N.A

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Lamp

The ELECTRIC CURRENT circulates, and the lamp lights up

The lamp lights up when the ELECTRIC CURRENT passes through the electrical circuit

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Electricity

Electricity is the ELECTRIC CURRENT of a closed circuit

Electricity is the ELECTRIC CURRENT that is due to the movement of the electrons in the circuit

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Electrical shock

You get a shock from the ELECTRIC CURRENT

High ELECTRIC CURRENT can give a shock

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Home appliances

The ELECTRIC CURRENT is for the iron and I can iron

The refrigerator needs ELECTRIC CURRENT to operate

VOLTAGE–Home appliances

My dryer is plugged in and has a high VOLTAGE

N.A

BATTERY–Energy

BATTERY energy is consumed for my tablet to work

N.A

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Electrical circuit

The ELECTRIC CURRENT circulates in the ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

The electrical circuit is the path of the ELECTRIC CURRENT

VOLTAGE–Electrical circuit

The electrical circuit has a VOLTAGE

The battery in the electrical circuit creates a VOLTAGE

BATTERY–Positive

The BATTERY has a positive pole and a negative pole

The BATTERY poles are positive and negative

BATTERY–Power supply

The BATTERY is the power supply of the circuit

The BATTERY can be a power supply

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Wires/cables

The ELECTRIC CURRENT passes through electrical wires and lamps

Electrical wires allow the passage of ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRIC CURRENT–BATTERY

The BATTERY is one of the elements of an electrical circuit through which the ELECTRIC CURRENT passes

The ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT has a BATTERY that provides electric current

RESISTANCE–Stop

RESISTANCE is for electricity to stop

N.A

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Ammeter

N.A

To measure the intensity of the ELECTRIC CURRENT in the electrical circuit I use the ammeter

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Electrons

N.A

The ELECTRIC CURRENT is due to the flow of electrons

BATTERY–Negative

N.A

The BATTERY has a negative pole

VOLTAGE–Volt

N.A

The VOLTAGE unit is the volt

VOLTAGE–Voltmeter

N.A

The voltmeter measures the circuit VOLTAGE

RESISTANCE–Ohm

N.A

Ohm is the name of the one who invented the law and is the unit of RESISTANCE

ELECTRIC CURRENT–Ampere

N.A

ELECTRIC CURRENT is measured in amperes

VOLTAGE–Electrons

N.A

The electrons remain in the circuit and are oriented because of the VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE–ELECTRIC CURRENT

N.A

The VOLTAGE is related to the generator of the electrical circuit, through which the ELECTRIC CURRENT passes

BATTERY–Lamp

N.A

To light the lamp, I have to have a BATTERY

RESISTANCE–BATTERY

N.A

RESISTANCE can be a component of the circuit that is connected to a BATTERY

RESISTANCE–Light/Lighting

N.A

The high electrical RESISTANCE means that there is less current flow, and the brightness of the lamp is lower

VOLTAGE–BATTERY

N.A

The BATTERY has negative and positive poles that relate to the VOLTAGE

  1. In the sentences, only the words that were associated by the students are evidenced. For example, the sentence “The VOLTAGE is related to the generator of the electrical circuit, through which the ELECTRIC CURRENT passes” was written by students regarding the association ELECTRIC CURRENT and VOLTAGE, although there is also an association with Electrical circuit.
  2. N.A. not applicable