From: The application of AI technologies in STEM education: a systematic review from 2011 to 2021
Element | Dimension | Type |
---|---|---|
Subject (instructor) | Instructor involvement | 1. Support 2. Not support |
Instructional strategy | 1. Lecture 2. Project-based learning 3. Problem-based learning 4. Game-based learning 5. Collaborative learning 6. Self-learning | |
Subject (learner) | Educational level | 1. Kindergarten (3–6) 2. Elementary school (6–12) 3. Middle school (12–15) 4. High school (15–18) 5. Higher education (> 18) |
Sample size | 1. Small scale (< 50) 2. Medium scale (51–300) 3. Large scale (> 300) | |
Learning outcome | 1. Learning performance 2. Affective perception 3. Higher-order thinking 4. Learning pattern and behavior | |
Information | Learning content | 1. Science 2. Technology 3. Engineering 4. Mathematics 5. Cross-disciplinary (contains two or more disciplinary contents) |
Medium | Educational medium | 1. Paper resource (e.g., textbook, paper-and-pencil tests) 2. Entity resource (e.g., robot, experimental instrument) 3. Computer system resource 4. Web open resource 5. Mobile phone resource 6. E-book resource |
Environment | Educational context | 1. Face-to-face environment (i.e., classroom) 2. Experimental environment (i.e., lab) 3. Informal learning environment (e.g., museum) 4. Web-based environment 5. Augmented/virtual reality |
Technology | AI technique | 1. Learning prediction 2. Intelligent tutoring system 3. Student behavior detection 4. Automation 5. Educational robots 6. Others |