Expanding disciplinary and interdisciplinary core idea maps by students to promote perceived self-efficacy in learning science

Semilarski, Helen; Soobard, Regina; Holbrook, Jack; Rannikmäe, Miia

doi:10.1186/s40594-022-00374-8

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 6 A pre- and post-questionnaire results comparison using CFA on students’ perceived self-efficacy towards disciplinary and interdisciplinary core ideas, for the experimental group (N = 209)

From: Expanding disciplinary and interdisciplinary core idea maps by students to promote perceived self-efficacy in learning science

The groups of disciplinary and interdisciplinary core ideas	Factor loadings		Pre		Post		Paired sample t-test			Sig. level 0.05
The groups of disciplinary and interdisciplinary core ideas	Pre	Post	M	SD	M	SD	t	df	SE	Sig. level 0.05
Life Science
Cell functions in tissues	0.64	0.54	2.51	0.78	3.32	0.80	10.48	416	0.08	< 0.05
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration			2.69	0.68	2.99	0.88	3.89	416	0.08	< 0.05
Heredity and DNA*			2.77	0.83	3.57	0.83	9.85	416	0.08	< 0.05
Genetic variation*			2.71	0.73	3.41	0.79	9.41	416	0.07	< 0.05
M			*2.64*	*2.67*	*3.32*	*0.83*	*8.35*	*416*	*0.08*	< *0.05*
Earth Science
Rainforest deforestation	0.62	0.63	2.85	0.91	2.95	0.80	1.19	416	0.08	> 0.05
Land surface change*			2.60	0.77	3.00	0.89	4.91	416	0.08	< 0.05
Weather and climate*			2.82	0.76	3.12	0.70	4.20	416	0.07	< 0.05
Natural hazards			3.02	0.68	3.13	0.65	1.69	416	0.07	> 0.05
Climate warming			2.86	0.83	3.09	0.83	3.83	416	0.08	< 0.05
Solar and lunar eclipse			2.82	0.80	3.00	0.87	2.20	416	0.08	< 0.05
M			*2.83*	*0.79*	*3.05*	*0.79*	*2.85*	*416*	*0.08*	< *0.05*
Chemistry
Chemical reactions*	0.54	0.67	2.43	0.92	2.51	0.93	0.88	416	0.09	> 0.05
Natural phenomena at the particulate level			2.40	0.85	2.49	0.89	1.06	416	0.09	> 0.05
The nature of interactions between bodies			2.46	0.87	2.50	0.90	0.46	416	0.09	> 0.05
Characteristics of substances*			2.44	0.87	2.54	0.97	1.11	416	0.09	> 0.05
M			*2.43*	*0.88*	*2.51*	*0.92*	*0.91*	*416*	*0.09*	> *0.05*
Physics
Electricity generator	0.51	0.58	2.40	0.91	2.40	0.71	0.00	416	0.08	> 0.05
Motions and waves*			2.36	0.86	2.56	0.86	1.12	416	0.08	> 0.05
Energy conversion*			2.37	0.89	2.47	0.84	1.18	416	0.09	> 0.05
M			*2.38*	*0.89*	*2.48*	*0.80*	*1.21*	*416*	*0.08*	> *0.05*
Models and Systems
Systems*	0.71	0.70	2.37	0.86	3.25	0.86	10.46	416	0.08	< 0.05
Cause and effect			2.64	0.82	3.13	0.86	5.96	416	0.08	< 0.05
Natural and human-made systems			2.51	0.85	3.30	0.95	8.95	416	0.09	< 0.05
Structural properties of the objects			2.33	0.87	3.25	0.87	10.81	416	0.09	< 0.05
Models*			2.38	0.85	3.26	0.85	10.90	416	0.08	< 0.05
M			*2.45*	*0.85*	*3.24*	*0.88*	*9.33*	*416*	*0.09*	< *0.05*

*Disciplinary and interdisciplinary core ideas used in the intervention research; significance level 0.05; M-mean; SD standard deviation; t-statistics; df-degrees of freedom; SE-standard error of the difference, measured on 4-point Likert-type scale

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