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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 5 Summary statistics of the percentage of time for each of the COPUS codes by cluster

From: Predicting implementation of active learning by tenure-track teaching faculty using robust cluster analysis

Dataset

Code

Traditional

Active

F

p-value

Cluster

Cluster

1,3,4,5

Student.L

96.45 (5.60)

77.9 (19.22)

97.94

\(<0.001\)*

S.Receiving/

    

S.Minimal

    

1,5

Student.AnQ

7.32 (14.56)

14.62 (15.99)

1.17

0.28

1,5

Student.WC

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (1.06)

4.31

0.04

1,5

Student.SP

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

–

–

1,5

Student.Ind

2.00 (8.06)

7.45 (14.86)

17.11

\(<0.001\)*

1,5

Student.Prd

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

–

–

1,5

Student.TQ

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

–

–

1,5

Student.W

0.00 (1.83)

1.96 (3.25)

9.26

\(<0.001\)*

1,5

Student.O

0.00 (1.55)

0.00 (2.00)

0.02

0.88

1,2,5

Student.SQ

8.53 (11.67)

7.70 (6.54)

0.41

0.52

1,2,5

Student.CG

0.00 (1.55)

2.40 (12.68)

19.52

\(<0.001\)*

1,2,5

Student.WG

0.00 (0.00)

1.93 (6.82)

6.45

0.01

1,2,5

Student.OG

0.00 (0.00)

12.00 (16.02)

65.69

\(<0.001\)*

3,5

S.Working

5.88 (14.97)

43.48 (18.76)

153.94

\(<0.001\)*

3,5

S.Talking

18.62 (23.94)

26.8 (20.17)

1.18

0.28

3,4,5

S.Other

1.96 (3.31)

3.85 (5.10)

1.77

0.19

4,5

S.Interactive

2.32 (10.16)

34.62 (17.32)

150.15

\(<0.001\)*

4,5

S.Thinking

2.39 (10.01)

16.59 (18.63)

29.36

\(<0.001\)*

4,5

S.Few

18.4 (23.94)

26.09 (18.22)

0.63

0.43

1,5

Instructor.RtW

29.57 (57.35)

5.5 (13.43)

21.12

\(<0.001\)*

1,5

Instructor.DV

1.52 (6.39)

1.92 (7.33)

0.13

0.72

1,5

Instructor.FUp

9.27 (14.57)

30.91 (20.42)

58.34

\(<0.001\)*

1,5

Instructor.AnQ

8.55 (12.06)

7.42 (8.11)

0.22

0.64

1,5

Instructor.MG

0.00 (1.61)

17.07 (18.83)

55.99

\(<0.001\)*

1,3,5

Instructor.Adm/

4.74 (5.17)

13.69 (9.47)

61.38

\(<0.001\)*

I.Administration

    

1,5

Instructor.W

0.00 (1.68)

3.92 (7.47)

22.79

\(<0.001\)*

1,5

Instructor.O

0.00 (1.55)

1.66 (5.98)

13.95

\(<0.001\)*

1,2,5

Instructor.Lec

87.73 (13.57)

47.08 (17.44)

189.11

\(<0.001\)*

1,2,5

Instructor.PQ

10.79 (19.04)

25.00 (17.12)

2.12

0.15

1,2,5

Instructor.CQ

0.00 (7.46)

9.49 (19.22)

17.63

\(<0.001\)*

1,2,5

Instructor.1o1

0.00 (0.00)

5.44 (8.56)

31.26

\(<0.001\)

3,4,5

I.Presenting/

90.35 (11.04)

55.85 (23.96)

181.05

\(<0.001\)*

I.Minimal

    

3,5

I.Guiding

37.39 (32.7)

72.75 (16.82)

50.66

\(<0.001\)*

3,5

I.Other

1.54 (3.85)

8.93 (14.03)

36.57

\(<0.001\)*

4,5

I.Interactive

0.00 (3.02)

20.00 (17.88)

61.10

\(<0.001\)*

4,5

I.Thinking

17.97 (24.26)

37.95 (14.53)

14.45

\(<0.001\)*

4,5

I.Few

19.04 (17.00)

38.47 (19.13)

37.46

\(<0.001\)

4,5

I.Miscellaneous

6.72 (7.71)

23.64 (13.11)

91.42

\(<0.001\)*

  1. Mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) are given as well as the F statistic and p-value for testing if there is a difference in the amount of time spent on a code for the traditional and active cluster. Significance is denoted for codes using a Bonferroni correction of \(\alpha ^* = 0.05/38 = 0.0013\)
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