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Table 5 The exemplified fragment of Group 8’s delayed use of the MS scaffolding

From: Applying multimodal learning analytics to examine the immediate and delayed effects of instructor scaffoldings on small groups’ collaborative programming

Line

Time

Participant

Content

Code

1

19:00

Ins

If your group has no ideas, you can make some explorations to find inspiration

MS

2

19:05

S3

Okay. [Looking at computer screen]

RES

3

S1, S2

[Looking at computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

4

19:10

S3

(Dragging the programming blocks of “repeat” into the interface and adding it to existing programs)

REC

5

S1, S2

[Looking at computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

6

19:15

S3

(Modifying the parameter value of “value =  = 0” to “value =  = 20”)

REC

7

S1, S2

[Looking at the computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

8

19:20

S3

(Clicking the “Run” button, the computer successfully recognizes the color)

REC

9

S1, S2

[Looking at the computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

The instructor made some reflections in class and assigned a new task, i.e., identifying other colors

The group members discussed verbally; members did not conduct programming behaviors

10

27:35

S2

Let’s try to implement the function of recognizing blue. You guys can try programming first and let me think about it

UAS

11

S1, S3

[Looking at the computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

12

27:40

S1, S2, S3

[Looking at the computer screen and keeping silent]

KPS

13

27:45

S2

Okay, let me try it

REC

14

S1, S3

Okay

RES

15

27:50

S2

(Setting the state of the initial color to transparent color, and after running the program, the computer successfully recognizes the new color)

UAS

16

S1, S3

Perfect

RES

  1. Texts in “()” indicated that group students’ computer programming operations; texts in “[]” indicated students’ in-class behaviors; other texts were transcribed communication content