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Table 2 Results of the final hierarchical linear models using backward deletion

From: The influences of student- and school-level factors on engineering undergraduate student success outcomes: A multi-level multi-school study

 

Learning outcomes

GPA

Program satisfaction

University satisfaction

Student-level factors

 Age

NS

NS

NS

NS

 Sex

B = 1.75***

B = 0.25***

B = 2.56*

NS

 Racea

B = 1.75***

NS

B = 2.55***

NS

 Classification

B = 0.19***

NS

B = 0.70*

NS

 Household income

B = 0.11***

NS

NS

NS

 First-generation status

B =  − 1.27***

B =  − 0.86***

NS

B = 1.22***

 Communication competency

B = 0.10*

B = 0.26***

B = 0.22**

NS

 Collaboration style

NS

NS

B = 0.99*

NS

 Competition style

NS

NS

NS

NS

 Avoidance style

B = 1.09***

NS

B =  − 1.54***

NS

 Accommodation style

B =  − 0.31**

NS

B = 1.44**

NS

 Compromise style

NS

NS

NS

B = 2.55***

School-level factors

 School typeb

B = 1.26***

B = 1.06***

Not tested as the Chi-square tests of variance component was not significant (p = .62)

NS

 University size

NS

NS

B = 0.63***

 Student–faculty ratio

NS

B =  − 0.42***

NS

 Tuition cost

B = 0.28***

NS

NS

 Retention rate

NS

NS

B = 0.66*

 Graduation rate

NS

NS

NS

 Diversity rate

NS

B = 2.06***

NS

  1. NS not significant and was removed using backward deletion
  2. aMinority students were coded as 1, White students were coded as 0
  3. bPrivate schools were coded as 1, and all others were coded as 0
  4. ***Indicates significant at 0.001 level, **indicates significant at 0.01 level, *indicates significant at .05 level