International Journal of STEM Education

Table 4 Results of the discriminant validity analysis

From: A model for examining middle school students’ STEM integration behavior in a national technology competition

	Attitude	Subjective norm	PBC	BI	STEM-IB
Attitude	0.82	0.65	0.44	0.71	0.60
Subjective Norm	0.62	0.71	0.65	0.46	0.55
PBC	0.39	0.54	0.85	0.59	0.70
BI	0.63	0.47	0.53	0.85	0.71
STEM-IB	0.54	0.52	0.63	0.66	0.82

The square root AVE values are in bold; the results for the Fornell–Larcker criterion are below the diagonal and those of the Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio are above the diagonal
PBC perceived behavioral control, BI behavioral intention, STEM-IB STEM integration behavior

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