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Table 5 Themes extracted from semi-interviews in two instructional modes

From: Comparing learners’ knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes between two instructional modes of computer programming in secondary education

Themes and sub-themes

IDL

N

UPP

N

Recall of programming knowledge

  

·  Difficulties of recalling course contents

18

3

·  Confusion about course contents

4

6

·  Recall of most of the course contents

8

20

Feeling of learning experiences

  

·  A low level of participation

22

3

·  A lack of opportunity to conduct programming practices

8

0

·  An interactive and interesting learning experience

2

26

Attitudes towards programming

  

·  Concerns about the difficult level of the algorithms

15

5

·  Positive attitudes towards computer programming

9

27

·  Confidence about other STEM subjects, such as mathematics

4

10