From: Comparing learners’ knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes between two instructional modes of computer programming in secondary education
IDL
UPP
Transition
Yule’s Q
IB → DwP
0.84
LtI → DwP
0.77
AsQ → LtI
0.60
AnQ → LtI
0.72
0.55
LtI → AnQ
0.67
DwP → IB
0.54
AsQ → AsQ
0.65
LtI → TN
0.51
0.61