Validation of the Mathematics Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ) for secondary school students

International Journal of STEM Education

Table 5 Parameter estimates of the final CFA Model (Model 2) with items as listed in Appendix: Table 10

Construct	Item	Unstandardized		Standardized
Construct	Item	Factor loading (R)^a	SE	Factor loading (R)^a	SE
Intrinsic value	1	1.000	N.A	0.868	0.011
	22	1.014	0.019	0.880	0.009
	27	0.964	0.019	0.837	0.012
Self-regulation	5^b	1.000	N.A	0.531	0.024
	8	1.408	0.072	0.747	0.019
	9	1.471	0.073	0.780	0.017
	26	1.287	0.065	0.683	0.019
Self-efficacy	21^b	1.000	N.A	0.844	0.011
	24	0.951	0.018	0.803	0.013
	28	1.044	0.016	0.882	0.009
	29	0.953	0.019	0.805	0.013
Utility value	10^b	1.000	N.A	0.868	0.009
	11	1.009	0.014	0.875	0.009
	17	1.018	0.014	0.883	0.009
	19	0.910	0.016	0.789	0.013
Test anxiety	4^b	1.000	N.A	0.852	0.016
	6	0.800	0.028	0.682	0.019
	13	0.965	0.027	0.822	0.015
	14	0.709	0.028	0.604	0.021

^aAll 19 factor loadings are statistically significant with p < 0.05
^bThe item was used as a marker indicator to scale the latent factor, so the factor loading was set to 1.0 (a constant) and the standard error (SE) was set to 0.0 (i.e., N.A. not applicable), respectively, as no sample estimates were involved, which is the default in Mplus