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Table 5 Students’ challenges

From: Active learning through flipped classroom in mechanical engineering: improving students’ perception of learning and performance

Initial codes

Number of references

Main themes

- Too long/time-consuming

- Finding time to watch

27

The time-related issue in pre-week videos

- Short attempts in quiz

- Hard to remember for the quiz: remembering to do a quiz on time

- Not relevant to quiz: video and quiz does not match

- Cannot solve the problem right away/not being able to ask questions until lecture

22

Quiz-related

- Hard to identify the topic: fixing the title

- No title

- Audio recording needs improving

- Due date

- Thorough layout of information

6

Structure-related

- Difficult to understand/confusing when it goes in depth, not easily digestible

- Focused on too much information

- Too much theory

4

Content-related