From: Self-efficacy and belonging: the impact of a university makerspace
Factor | Pre | Post | Difference | P value | Effect size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Students who visited The Invention Space, n = 186 | |||||
 Design | 4.26 | 4.36 | + 0.10 | 0.0219 | – |
 Tinkering | 4.22 | 4.28 | + 0.06 | 0.2565 | – |
 Analysis | 4.15 | 4.23 | + 0.08 | 0.1174 | – |
 Innovation orientation | 3.27 | 3.69 | + 0.42 | 0.0000* | 0.57 |
 Design self-efficacy | 3.21 | 4.02 | + 0.81 | 0.0000* | 0.92 |
 Innovation self-efficacy | 3.51 | 3.97 | + 0.46 | 0.0000* | 0.54 |
 Technology self-efficacya | 5.82 | 7.34 | + 1.52 | 0.0000* | 0.80 |
 Belonging to makerspacea | 4.63 | 6.32 | + 1.69 | 0.0000* | 0.61 |
 Belonging to engineeringa | 6.76 | 7.24 | + 0.48 | 0.0012* | 0.19 |
Students who did not visit The Invention Space, n = 27 | |||||
 Design | 4.07 | 4.26 | + 0.19 | 0.0959 | – |
 Tinkering | 4.41 | 4.28 | − 0.12 | 0.2943 | – |
 Analysis | 4.01 | 4.15 | + 0.16 | 0.2962 | – |
 Innovation orientation | 3.19 | 3.54 | + 0.35 | 0.0304 | – |
 Design self-efficacy | 3.37 | 3.91 | + 0.54 | 0.0091 | – |
 Innovation self-efficacy | 3.69 | 3.93 | + 0.24 | 0.1521 | – |
 Technology self-efficacya | 6.15 | 7.12 | + 0.97 | 0.0012* | 0.60 |
 Belonging to Makerspacea | 3.68 | 4.59 | + 0.90 | 0.1342 | – |
 Belonging to Engineeringa | 6.58 | 6.88 | + 0.31 | 0.1779 | – |