Table 3 Engineering professional development survey results
From: NGSS-based teacher professional development to implement engineering practices in STEM instruction
In my role as a teacher, I am able to… | Pre-survey mean (SD) | Post-survey mean (SD) | Primary factor loading | Cross loading | Communalities η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Construct 1: Engineering pedagogical confidence | |||||
 1. Explain engineering concepts well enough to be effective in teaching engineering. | 3.96 (1.67) | 4.78 (1.22) | .81 | .27 | .69 |
 2. Assess students’ engineering products. | 4.02 (1.61) | 4.73 (1.18) | .70 | .46 | .61 |
 3. Employ engineering activities in my classroom effectively. | 4.18 (1.56) | 4.96 (1.02) | .87 | .27 | .75 |
 4. Explain the ways engineering is used in the world. | 4.57 (1.40) | 5.33 (0.65) | .68 | .56 | .71 |
 5. Describe the process of engineering design. | 4.20 (1.67) | 4.94 (0.97) | .78 | .37 | .78 |
 6. Create engineering activities at the appropriate level for my students. | 4.08 (1.62) | 4.90 (1.15) | .89 | .22 | .80 |
 7. Select appropriate materials for engineering activities. | 4.02 (1.58) | 4.84 (1.16) | .79 | .38 | .68 |
 8. Recognize and appreciate the engineering concepts in my subject area. | 4.53 (1.47) | 5.22 (0.83) | .82 | .29 | .55 |
 9. Guide my students’ solution development in learning the engineering design process. | 4.22 (1.63) | 4.98 (1.09) | .80 | .34 | .66 |
 10. Increase students’ interest in learning engineering. | 4.59 (1.40) | 5.37 (0.63) | .62 | .47 | .38 |
 11. Help students apply their engineering knowledge to real world situations. | 4.29 (1.40) | 5.25 (0.80) | .75 | .41 | .49 |
 12. Promote a positive attitude toward engineering learning in my students. | 4.90 (1.32) | 5.59 (0.54) | .58 | .38 | .48 |
 13. Encourage my students to think creatively during engineering activities and lessons. | 4.80 (1.36) | 5.49 (0.67) | .73 | .41 | .70 |
 14. Encourage my students to think critically when practicing engineering. | 4.67 (1.35) | 5.37 (0.77) | .74 | .38 | .61 |
 15. Encourage my students to interact with each other when participating in engineering activities. | 4.86 (1.34) | 5.49 (0.70) | .59 | .52 | .48 |
 16. Modify my curriculum to comply with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and/or the New York State Science Learning Standards (NYSSLS). | 4.24 (1.29) | 5.06 (0.88) | .75 | .06 | .60 |
 17. Acquire the resources for implementing NGSS and/or NYSSLS. | 4.25 (1.29) | 5.08 (0.91) | .71 | .12 | .53 |
Construct 2: Engineering career awareness and advising confidence | |||||
 18. Inform my students about engineering careers. | 4.53 (1.53) | 5.41 (0.64) | .85 | .32 | .76 |
 19. Differentiate among engineering disciplines. | 4.12 (1.61) | 5.16 (0.88) | .85 | .17 | .87 |
 20. Recommend relevant high school courses to students interested in pursuing engineering. | 4.59 (1.50) | 5.39 (0.83) | .84 | .18 | .71 |
Overall composite*** | 86.83 (23.77) | 103.20 (13.74) | Â | Â | Â |