Table 6 Results from the independent sample t test

Learning climate*

6.02 (.75)

6.38 (.70)

− 2.24

.028

.50

Autonomy

4.54 (.81)

4.87 (.71)

− 1.91

.059

.43

Competence*

4.43 (1.04)

5.00 (.94)

− 2.61

.010

.58

Relatedness**

4.28 (.85)

4.79 (.77)

− 2.82

.006

.63

Intrinsic regulation*

4.57 (1.55)

5.16 (1.15)

− 2.08

.040

.43

Integration

5.19 (1.32)

5.49 (1.07)

− 1.20

.234

.25

Identification

5.21 (1.44)

5.58 (.98)

− 1.45

.150

.30

Introjection

3.44 (1.66)

3.53 (1.79)

− .22

.830

.05

External regulation

5.05 (1.28)

4.80 (1.43)

.80

.427

.18

Amotivation

2.54 (1.37)

2.24 (1.25)

1.06

.293

.23

Knowledge transferability*

4.98 (1.52)

5.65 (.97)

− 2.13

.041

.53

Final grade*

2.62 (1.19)

3.27 (1.06)

− 2.54

.013

.58