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Table 2 Survey results

From: Using design thinking to cultivate the next generation of female STEAM thinkers

Variable

Baseline Survey

Post-intervention survey

Paired t tests

Effect size

M

SD

M

SD

N

t

p

df

Cohen’s d

Engineering and design

 I like to imagine creating new products

4.50

1.05

4.77

.86

84

− 2.58

.012

83

0.29

 If I learn engineering, then I can improve things that people use every day

3.88

.96

4.25

.86

84

− 3.93

< .001

83

0.40

 I am interested in what makes machines work

3.89

1.13

4.12

1.04

83

− 2.13

.036

82

0.21

 I want to design things that improve the world

4.45

.97

4.71

.91

84

− 2.47

.016

83

0.28

Creative confidence

 I can effectively work on a problem that does not have an obvious solution

3.81

1.10

4.10

.87

81

− 2.46

.016

80

0.29

 I am able to share my work with others before it is finished to my satisfaction

3.84

1.12

4.10

1.09

81

− 2.37

.020

80

0.23

 The effects of failure are negative and should be avoided

2.51

1.14

2.16

1.11

76

2.61

.011

75

− 0.32

 I believe I can be successful

3.23

.99

3.48

1.03

82

− 2.15

.034

81

0.24

STEM

 People who study STEM tend to work alone in labs

3.44

.93

2.96

.98

27

2.80

.010

26

− 0.50

 STEM is mostly about technical knowledge

3.96

.85

3.59

.80

27

2.08

.048

26

− 0.45

Pro− social

 People who study STEM tend to care about other people

4.03

.99

4.45

.94

64

− 3.12

.003

63

0.44

 If you want to make the world a better place, you should pursue a career in STEM

3.74

.97

4.15

1.04

81

− 3.68

< .001

80

0.41

Career/Future Aspirations

 I would consider a career in science

3.17

1.50

3.54

1.42

76

− 3.29

.002

75

0.25

 I can see myself starting my own company/business

3.43

1.14

3.63

1.10

80

− 2.11

.038

79

0.18

 If I have children, I see myself staying in the workforce

4.65

1.18

4.86

.99

83

− 2.06

.043

82

0.19