From: Using design thinking to cultivate the next generation of female STEAM thinkers
Variable | Baseline Survey | Post-intervention survey | Paired t tests | Effect size | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | N | t | p | df | Cohen’s d | |
Engineering and design | |||||||||
 I like to imagine creating new products | 4.50 | 1.05 | 4.77 | .86 | 84 | − 2.58 | .012 | 83 | 0.29 |
 If I learn engineering, then I can improve things that people use every day | 3.88 | .96 | 4.25 | .86 | 84 | − 3.93 | < .001 | 83 | 0.40 |
 I am interested in what makes machines work | 3.89 | 1.13 | 4.12 | 1.04 | 83 | − 2.13 | .036 | 82 | 0.21 |
 I want to design things that improve the world | 4.45 | .97 | 4.71 | .91 | 84 | − 2.47 | .016 | 83 | 0.28 |
Creative confidence | |||||||||
 I can effectively work on a problem that does not have an obvious solution | 3.81 | 1.10 | 4.10 | .87 | 81 | − 2.46 | .016 | 80 | 0.29 |
 I am able to share my work with others before it is finished to my satisfaction | 3.84 | 1.12 | 4.10 | 1.09 | 81 | − 2.37 | .020 | 80 | 0.23 |
 The effects of failure are negative and should be avoided | 2.51 | 1.14 | 2.16 | 1.11 | 76 | 2.61 | .011 | 75 | − 0.32 |
 I believe I can be successful | 3.23 | .99 | 3.48 | 1.03 | 82 | − 2.15 | .034 | 81 | 0.24 |
STEM | |||||||||
 People who study STEM tend to work alone in labs | 3.44 | .93 | 2.96 | .98 | 27 | 2.80 | .010 | 26 | − 0.50 |
 STEM is mostly about technical knowledge | 3.96 | .85 | 3.59 | .80 | 27 | 2.08 | .048 | 26 | − 0.45 |
Pro− social | |||||||||
 People who study STEM tend to care about other people | 4.03 | .99 | 4.45 | .94 | 64 | − 3.12 | .003 | 63 | 0.44 |
 If you want to make the world a better place, you should pursue a career in STEM | 3.74 | .97 | 4.15 | 1.04 | 81 | − 3.68 | < .001 | 80 | 0.41 |
Career/Future Aspirations | |||||||||
 I would consider a career in science | 3.17 | 1.50 | 3.54 | 1.42 | 76 | − 3.29 | .002 | 75 | 0.25 |
 I can see myself starting my own company/business | 3.43 | 1.14 | 3.63 | 1.10 | 80 | − 2.11 | .038 | 79 | 0.18 |
 If I have children, I see myself staying in the workforce | 4.65 | 1.18 | 4.86 | .99 | 83 | − 2.06 | .043 | 82 | 0.19 |