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Table 1 List of course characteristics and strategies of primary studies

From: Instructor strategies to aid implementation of active learning: a systematic literature review

Author, Year

Course discipline

Year

N

Activitiesa

Methodsb

Main evidencec

Types of measures

Outcome

Strategies

Armbruster, Patel, Johnson, & Weiss, 2009

Biology

1

540

Group PS; clickers

MM

IS

Course satisfaction, Enjoyment, Learning

Mostly positive

Expectations, Approach, Group, Alignment, Design

Autin, Bateiha, & Marchionda, 2013

Math and Statistics

1

56

Group PS; discussion

Qual

Observations, Reflections

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation, Self-efficacy

Mixed/Neutral

Purpose, Group, Review, Design

Berkling & Zundel, 2015

Computer Engineering

1

59

Group PS

MM

IS

Course satisfaction, Enjoyment, Participation

Mostly positive

Review, Alignment

Bilston, 1999

Mechanical Engineering

1

-

PBL

Qual

EOC, IS, Observations

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Mostly positive

Approach, Group

Breckler & Yu, 2011

Biology

3

149

IBL

Quant

IS

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Mixed/Neutral

Approach

Bullard & Felder, 2007

Chemical Engineering

1

110

Group PS

Qual

EOC

Course satisfaction

Positive

Expectations, Encourage, Approach, Group, Review, Alignment, Design

Christensen, 2005

Physics and Astronomy

1

–

Group PS

Quant

EOC, IS

Learning, Participation

Positive

Approach

de Justo & Delgado, 2014

Civil Engineering

1

276

Group PS

Quant

EOC, IS

Attendance, Course satisfaction, Learning, Participation

Positive

Alignment

Harun et al., 2012

Chemical Engineering

-

-

PBL

Qual

Reflections

Learning, Participation

Mostly positive

Purpose, Encourage, Alignment

Haseeb, 2011

Material Science

2

59

PBL

MM

IS

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Mostly positive

Expectations, Approach, Alignment, Design

Herkert, 1997

General Engineering

3

523

Group PS; PBL

MM

EOC

Course satisfaction

Mostly positive

Expectations, Review

Hodgson et al., 2013

Biology

2

150

PBL

MM

IEV, EOC, Observations, Interviews

Attendance, Course satisfaction, Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Positive

Group, Design

Jaeger & Bilen, 2006

General Engineering

1

–

Group and individual PS

MM

IS

Enjoyment

Positive

Review

Kovac, 1999

Chemistry

-

300

Group PS; discussion

MM

IS

Learning

Mostly positive

Group

Krishnan & Nalim, 2009

Mechanical Engineering

2

155

PBL

Quant

EOC

Course satisfaction

Mostly positive

Expectations, Alignment

Laatsch et al., 2005

Biology

–

212

Group PS

Quant

IEV, IS

Course satisfaction, Enjoyment, Learning

Mixed/Neutral

Purpose

Lake, 2001

Biology

–

170

Discussion

Quant

EOC

Course satisfaction, Learning

Negative

Purpose, Design

Lehtovuori, Honkala, Kettunen, & Leppävirta, 2013

Electrical Engineering

–

18

IBL; clickers

Qual

Interviews

Participation

Positive

Encourage, Approach, Group

Lenz, 2015

Math and Statistics

1

16

Group PS; IBL

Quant

IS

Attendance, Course satisfaction, Enjoyment, Participation

Positive

Purpose, Approach, Group, Review, Alignment

Li, Zhao, & Shi, 2009

Computer Science

4

129

PBL; discussion

Quant

IS

Course satisfaction, Enjoyment

Mixed/Neutral

Encourage, Approach, Alignment, Design

Maib et al., 2006

Chemistry

–

417

Clickers

MM

IS, Observations

Attendance, Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Positive

Encourage, Approach, Review

McClanahan & McClanahan, 2002

Biology

–

66

Group and individual PS

MM

IS, Observations, Reflections

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation

Positive

Expectations, Approach, Review, Alignment

McLoone & Brennan, 2015

General Engineering

1

46

Individual PS; clickers

Quant

IS

Enjoyment, Learning

Positive

Design

Metzger, 2015

Biology

1

122

Group PS; flipped

MM

IS

Learning

Mostly positive

Review

Oliveira & Oliveira, 2014

Physics and Astronomy

1

38

PBL

MM

IS, Interviews

Learning, Participation, Self-efficacy

Positive

Purpose, Approach, Alignment, Design

Ramsier, Broadway, Cheung, Evans, & Qammar, 2003

Physics and Astronomy

2

50

Group PS

MM

EOC, IS

Course satisfaction, Learning, Participation, Self-efficacy

Mostly positive

Encourage, Approach, Group, Design

Regev et al., 2008

Computer Science

4

40

Group PS; presentations

MM

IS, Interviews

Course satisfaction, Learning

Mostly positive

Expectations Purpose, Review, Alignment

Rockland, Hirsch, Burr-Alexander, Carpinelli, & Kimmel, 2013

Electrical Engineering

3

–

Individual PS; flipped

Qual

IS

Learning

Mixed/Neutral

Review

Parker Siburt et al., 2011

Chemistry

1

139

Group and individual PS

Quant

EOC

Enjoyment, Learning, Participation, Self-efficacy

Mostly positive

Purpose, Encourage, Alignment, Design

  1. aPS problem solving, PBL project-based learning, IBL inquiry-based learning, Flipped flipped classroom
  2. bMM Mixed methods, Qual qualitative, Quant quantitative
  3. cEOC end of course survey, IS instructor-created survey, IEV instrument with evidence of validity