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International Journal of STEM Education

Table 3 Summary of significant results from RMANOVA and ANOVAs

From: Engineering students’ attitudinal beliefs by gender and student division: a methodological comparison of changes over time

Factor

Longitudinal

Cross-sectional

Lower division,

n = 163

Upper division,

n = 115

All,

n = 278

Time

Gender

Time

Gender

Division (comparable to time)

Gender

Attainment value

–

–

Y

–

–

–

Utility value

Y

–

–

–

Y

–

Self-efficacy

Y

–

–

Y

–

–

Interest

Y

–

–

–

Y

–

Identity

–

–

–

–

–

–

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