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Table 1 Sample characterization in terms of demographics, academic resources, discipline-specific attitudes, and course performance

From: Variation in which key motivational and academic resources relate to academic performance disparities across introductory college courses

 

Chemistry

Physics

Psychology

Variable

Mean or %

SD

Mean or %

SD

Mean or %

SD

Demographics

 Age (years)

18.68

1.16

19.02

1.82

19.17

1.36

Gender

 Female

61%

 

32%

 

57%

 

 Male

39%

 

68%

 

43%

 

Race/Ethnicity

 Asian

18%

 

11%

 

18%

 

 Black

5%

 

4%

 

6%

 

 Latinx

3%

 

3%

 

6%

 

 Multi-racial

5%

 

5%

 

4%

 

 Other

0.3%

 

0.1%

 

0.1%

 

 White

69%

 

77%

 

67%

 

Parent Education

 High school or below

10%

 

8%

 

10%

 

 College or higher

90%

 

92%

 

90%

 

Academic resources

 High School GPA

4.08

0.40

4.07

0.44

4.00

0.48

 SAT Verbal/100

6.72

0.77

6.80

0.72

6.59

0.74

 SAT Math/100

6.70

0.73

6.97

0.64

6.59

0.75

Discipline attitudes

 Interest

2.88

0.63

3.19

0.52

3.01

0.51

 Self-Efficacy

2.74

0.56

2.85

0.45

3.08

0.39

Course performance

 Course grade

2.87

0.91

2.43

1.03

3.53

0.71

N

1,295

1,102

1,829

Participation rate

95%

60%

79%

Number of class sections

6

9

9

Number of instructors

4

5

5

Average class size

191

122

203

  1. Note: Sample statistics reflect imputed data. Native American and Pacific Islander students are included with “Other” due to small sample sizes